Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Charmi Blan
Glen Echo, MD Lawyer with 7 years of experience
Claimed Lawyer Profile
Daniel Rosefelt
Bethesda, MD Attorney with 32 years of experience
Tax
Stetson University College of Law
Daniel Rosefelt has been a dual licensed tax attorney for over 25 years and a Certified Public Accountant for over 30 years. He is the principal of the tax law firm of Daniel Rosefelt & Associates, LLC. The firm represents individuals and businesses with serious tax issues in the Washington D.C. Metro area, in Florida, throughout the United States and internationally. Mr. Rosefelt's practice focuses on representing individuals and small businesses with serious tax problems such as un-filed tax returns, audits, criminal tax investigations, administrative appeals, tax court litigation, unpaid payroll taxes and resolution of large tax debts...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileQ&ASocial MediaResponsive Law
Diana Valle
Bethesda, MD Attorney with 12 years of experience
Free ConsultationBankruptcy and Consumer
American University Washington College of Law and University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law
Diana Valle offers a comprehensive, individually tailored approach to legal representation. Every client is assessed not only to analyze the correct legal course and strategy but to offer general ancillary assistance on other issues. For example, a client with a bankruptcy problem may also need tax assistance, while a client who is in foreclosure may need a bankruptcy.
Ms. Valle's interest in the law stemmed from her sense of justice and fair play for all. The challenges of learning the law coupled with her passion for justice peaked Ms. Valle's interest in pursuing a legal career. Ms....
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Regina DeMeo
Bethesda, MD Lawyer with 25 years of experience
Arbitration & Mediation
The George Washington University Law School
For over 18 years, I have focused on helping families in the DC Area with family law issues, including prenups, separation agreements, divorce, custody, support, and property division. The past 10 years, I have also provided mediation and Collaborative Divorce services. Since 2009, I have guest lectured for Georgetown Univ. and GWU Law School, and I have appeared as a legal commentator on Sirius XM, ABC tv, MMCTV, and Good Morning America. I am regularly quoted in the media and recognized as a top lawyer in Superlawyers, Bethesda Magazine and The Washingtonian.
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial MediaResponsive Law
Michael J. Bramnick
Bethesda, MD Lawyer with 18 years of experience
Arbitration & Mediation, Business, Employment and Real Estate
American University Washington College of Law
Michael J. Bramnick has been practicing law for over a decade and focuses on all aspects of construction law and civil litigation including contract disputes, residential and commercial real estate disputes, business torts, construction litigation including mechanic’s liens and collections for contractors, subcontractors and material suppliers, and general post-judgment collections and enforcement matters. Mike is a zealous litigator, advocate and trusted advisor for his clients. He brings a pragmatic and analytical approach to evaluating claims early in the dispute process to customize strategies that are designed to best serve his clients’ needs. In some cases, this is achieved through alternative...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileQ&A
Richard Sternberg
Potomac, MD Lawyer with 41 years of experience
Business, International and Real Estate
Center for International Legal Studies and Georgetown University
The Law Offices of Richard S. Sternberg is dedicated to the principle that bigger is not always better. Instead, it rests on a tradition that actually antedates the rise of the “mega-firm”-the solo practice. Emulating a country lawyer in a big-city environment allows Mr. Sternberg to provide more individualized service to his clients, and, at the same time, pursue more collegial relations with other members of the Bar. Since 1984, Mr. Sternberg has dedicated his practice to representing individuals and smaller businesses. For those corporate clients who have larger needs, he is affiliated with the Metropolitan Washington Law Consortium,...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
David Ludwig
Bethesda, MD Attorney with 18 years of experience
Communications, IP, Patents and Trademarks
The George Washington University Law School
I am a partner at Dunlap Bennett & Ludwig PLLC. My practice focuses primarily on civil litigation in the areas of patent, trademark, copyright, internet / domain names, commercial transactions, government contracts, community associations, and bankruptcy law / creditor's rights, as well as trademark and copyright prosecution. I have represented local and national clients in federal and state court litigation matters, as well as in bankruptcy proceedings. I have represented manufacturing companies in complex patent infringement matters, technology companies in trademark infringement matters, and copyright holders in infringement actions against the likes of Disney and ABC. In 2012, I made...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Adam Habibi
Bethesda, MD Lawyer with 13 years of experience
Free ConsultationBusiness and Immigration
Florida Coastal School of Law
At the Law Office of Adam Habibi, P.C. we handle many US immigration cases on behalf of clients throughout the United States and from around the world.
Our mission is to provide you with individual attention and professional service at every step on the path toward achieving your immigration goals. U.S. immigration law is extremely complex and the assistance of a professional guiding you throughout the process is absolutely essential.
We also offer affordable pricing and flat rates.
Since 2011 the Law Office of Adam Habibi, P.C., has served clients from Maryland, Virginia and Washington, D.C. Reaching innumerable successes in-Court and...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileQ&ASocial Media
Dawn Chere Sequeira
Bethesda, MD Lawyer with 16 years of experience
Immigration
American University Washington College of Law
I became an immigration attorney to help preserve this country's legacy as a land of opportunity and freedom. With my hard work, perseverance, and a strong advocate by their side, my clients were able to achieve the American Dream.
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Justin Katz
Bethesda, MD Attorney with 20 years of experience
Free ConsultationWorkers' Comp
The Catholic University of America Columbus School of Law
Justin Katz is a Member in the Personal Injury Practice Group. He is admitted to practice in Maryland, Washington D.C., and Virginia. Justin has spent his entire career handling a wide array of complex personal injury matters, including motor vehicle collisions and automobile negligence claims, bus and trucking accidents, uninsured/underinsured motorist claims, swimming pool and drowning accidents, wrongful death, traumatic brain injuries, animal attacks and dog bites, workers’ compensation claims and first-and third-party bad faith claims.
In 2011 Justin was named a “Rising Star” by Maryland Super Lawyers and continued to recieve this recognition in every year that has since followed....
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Li Weng
Rockville, MD Lawyer with 12 years of experience
Free ConsultationImmigration
University of Texas - Austin
Founding partner Li Weng works in Rockville Law Group LLC’s practice areas of estate planning, family law, IPO and immigration. Li brings a background of over 12 years in estate planning, anticorruption, and trade matters, IPO, SPAC, OTC, immigration as well as transnational practice experience. Over several years, Li advised multinational companies undergoing internal and SEC investigations on potential violations by the companies’ subsidiaries of anti-bribery provisions of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. In addition, she represented companies during ITC investigations of antidumping and countervailing duty matters. She helped the firm’s clients to develop their estate, retirement, and gift planning...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Peter Antonoplos
Chevy Chase, MD Lawyer with 22 years of experience
Free ConsultationBusiness and Real Estate
Georgetown University Law Center and The Catholic University of America Columbus School of Law
For two decades, Mr. Antonoplos has represented individuals, families, and business leaders with real estate, litigation, and estate planning and probate matters. Mr. Antonoplos has been selected as a SuperLawyers Rising Star three years consecutively. Mr. Antonoplos’ practice covers a wide range of topics from real estate, estate planning, and probate, to commercial litigation, asset protection, and preservation, and business law issues. A classic generalist, Mr. Antonoplos counsels clients on business transactions and routinely litigates real estate; construction and probate matter is the Courts of the District of Columbia and the State of Maryland on behalf of individual and corporate...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Megan Marie Wallace
Bethesda, MD Attorney with 27 years of experience
Tax
Georgetown University Law Center and Western Michigan University Cooley Law School
Attorney in a boutique law firm focusing on estate planning, trust administration and probate matters, including foreign or ancillary estates, in Maryland, the District of Columbia and Virginia.
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Ignacio Alberto Donoso
Bethesda, MD Lawyer with 29 years of experience
(301) 276-0653
7401 Wisconsin Ave.
Suite 400, 4th Floor
Bethesda, MD 20814
Free ConsultationImmigration
McGill Univ and The George Washington University Law School
Ignacio Donoso is nationally recognized as a leading immigration attorney, with expertise in visas for investors, professionals, researchers, start-ups and family immigration. Mr. Donoso is an award-winning attorney. He was recognized in 2015, 2016 and 2018 as one of the Top 25 EB-5 immigration attorneys in the U.S. by EB-5 Investors Magazine.
Donoso & Associates offers immigration services and visa processes for the U.S. as well as Canada, Mexico and India. Our team of attorneys and are fluent in English, Spanish, French and Hindi.
Prior to founding Donoso & Associates in 2013, Mr. Donoso served from 2007 to 2013...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Ayesha Khan
Bethesda, MD Attorney with 34 years of experience
Free ConsultationAppeals and Employment
University of California - Berkeley
Ayesha N. Khan has extensive civil rights and appellate experience, having formerly served as a Deputy Chief in the Appellate Section of the Civil Rights Division in the U.S. Department of Justice and as the Legal Director of a national civil rights organization. She has represented clients before the United States Supreme Court, every federal circuit, and state appellate courts throughout the country. She has also litigated extensively at the trial level in federal and state courts nationwide. Her clients have ranged from private individuals to commercial entities, local school districts to municipalities, and state governments to the United States....
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
James J. Gross
Chevy Chase, MD Lawyer with 48 years of experience
Business and Tax
Georgetown University Law Center and University of Missouri - Columbia
Managing Partner and Co-founder of Thyden Gross and Callahan, a law firm in Chevy Chase, Maryland. Author of four books on divorce. Formerly tax counsel for Satellite Business Systems, communications attorney for the FCC, and chemical engineer for the Procter & Gamble Company. Master of Laws in Taxation, Georgetown. Highest ratings by Martindale-Hubbell, SuperLawyers and Avvo.com.
Claimed Lawyer Profile
Joseph Katz
Bethesda, MD Attorney with 18 years of experience
Free ConsultationBusiness
University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law
The majority of my practice is construction and government contract litigation, although I also represent franchisees and businesses in a variety of other matters. Primarily, my objectives are to solve my client's problem quickly, efficiently and economically. To this end, in addition to handling complex litigation from start to finish, whether through settlement or final court disposition, I strive to be my client's general counsel - always available to consult, advise and strategize with them on matters ranging from employer/employee issues, government and regulatory compliance, insurance matters as well as corporate formation, structure, resolution and related needs. As...
Claimed Lawyer Profile
Paula Calimafde
Bethesda, MD Lawyer with 47 years of experience
Business and Tax
The Catholic University of America Columbus School of Law
Paula Calimafde chairs the firm’s Retirement Plans, Employee Benefits and Government Relations practice groups and is also a senior member of the Estate Planning, Tax and Nonprofit groups. She has more than 35 years of experience advising companies and tax-exempt organizations on qualified and non-qualified retirement plans and employee benefits, including non-qualified deferred compensation, welfare benefit and cafeteria plans. She is a nationally recognized leader in the field of creative retirement plan designs for businesses and works closely with management and owners to prepare retirement plans, which suit the particular corporate needs.
Paula’s practice encompasses sophisticated estate planning and advising individuals...
Claimed Lawyer Profile
Ronald Dweck
Bethesda, MD Attorney with 49 years of experience
Business and Tax
American University Washington College of Law
Ron Dweck is Chair of the firm’s Corporate practice group, and a member of the Tax, Nonprofit and Science & Technology groups. Ron acts as general counsel to a number of companies, including large and small corporations, limited liability companies, partnerships and business organizations in various fields. As such, he knows a great deal about many different practice areas and applies that knowledge to better serve his corporate clients. His corporate work includes preparing and negotiating a wide variety of business contracts, as well as counseling in conjunction with executive compensation, corporate governance and risk & litigation management. He has...
Claimed Lawyer Profile
Glenn Cooper
Bethesda, MD Attorney with 49 years of experience
Appeals and Arbitration & Mediation
University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law
Glenn Cooper is the Chair of the firm’s Litigation practice and senior partner in our Family Law practice. He frequently appears before federal and state courts at both the trial and appellate levels, and before arbitration panels and professional disciplinary boards. No matter whether he is litigating a matter of a business or domestic nature, Glenn aggressively defends his clients’ positions and pursues their desired outcomes. The majority of Glenn Cooper's practice is devoted to complex business, financial, commercial and domestic litigation involving significant business issues.
A number of Glenn's cases have helped shape the current state of the law in...
Claimed Lawyer Profile
Deborah Cohn
Bethesda, MD Lawyer with 45 years of experience
Tax
The George Washington University Law School
Debbie Cohn’s keys to professional success are as diverse as her eclectic client base that consists of professionals, business owners, retirees, and non-U.S. citizens. Yet perhaps her most critical—and comforting—characteristic is an ability to explain complex concepts in a way her clients can understand. Debbie’s approach to estate planning is equal parts pragmatic and creative, which helps put her clients at ease with the knowledge that their families will be cared for and protected, and their asset protection and wealth management goals will be met. And her wealth of experience and vast knowledge of the law allow her to blend...
Claimed Lawyer Profile
Michelle Jacobs Chapin
Bethesda, MD Attorney
Tax
Georgetown University Law Center, Georgetown University Law Center and American University Washington College of Law
Michelle Chapin, a member of the firm’s Estate Planning, Estate & Trust Administration, Tax and Corporate practice groups, advises individuals, families and small business owners regarding their estate and gift planning needs. Recognized as a Top Trusts and Estates Lawyer in Washingtonian magazine, Michelle excels at providing clients with easy to understand explanations of intricate legal and tax matters. She works closely with her clients to create comprehensive and customized estate and business succession plans to achieve their tax and non-tax wealth preservation objectives. She also helps clients implement lifetime gifting and post-mortem wealth transfer strategies and counsels fiduciaries on...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Mr. Serge Bauer
CHEVY CHASE, MD Attorney with 33 years of experience
Immigration, International and Real Estate
Claimed Lawyer Profile
Jack Blum
Bethesda, MD Lawyer
Employment
University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law
Jack Blum is an associate in the firm’s Litigation and Employment Law practice groups. He has gained significant experience in a wide range of litigation matters, including real estate, commercial, corporate, and complex estates and trusts cases in both trials and appeals. He has represented large publicly and privately traded companies, individuals, real estate developers, medical practices, and small businesses. He has also worked with business owners on transactional work, forming business entities and drafting and reviewing contracts and other legal issues arising from ongoing and contemplated business transactions. In the area of employment law, Jack has worked with employers...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileBlawg SearchSocial Media
Sharon Tompkins
Bethesda, MD Attorney with 27 years of experience
Free ConsultationProducts Liability
University of Missouri - Columbia
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Joseph Michael Creed
Bethesda, MD Lawyer with 18 years of experience
Appeals, Business and Employment
Advocate and adviser for government employees, business professionals, and businesses in a wide range of employment and civil litigation matters.
Civil Litigation:
- Represent individuals and businesses in various civil-litigation matters, including business litigation, contract disputes, partnership disputes, and insurance coverage.
- Represent licensed professionals in investigations, disciplinary proceedings, and appeals of adverse agency decisions regarding licensure.
- Experienced trial lawyer in state and federal court.
- Experienced appellate attorney in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, D.C. Court of Appeals, Maryland Court of Appeals, and Maryland Court of Special Appeals.
- Law clerk...
Claimed Lawyer Profile
Jillian Kindlund
Bethesda, MD Attorney with 37 years of experience
Free ConsultationBankruptcy
Suffolk University Law School
Claimed Lawyer Profile
Wayne Eig
Bethesda, MD Attorney with 48 years of experience
Business and Tax
George Washington University - Mount Vernon campus
Wayne Eig refers to himself as a business and tax lawyer for individuals and closely held entities, providing advice to clients involved in various business, investment, financial and succession planning activities. Sometimes, his clients are individuals or families, sometimes entities and often a combination of individuals/families and affiliated entities working together. Sometimes, these businesses have great value, sometimes they do not – but all of these clients have needs which require legal attention.
Over the course of his career, Wayne has chaired some of the firm’s major practice groups – Estate & Trust Administration, Estate Planning, Tax, and Corporate. In forty...
Claimed Lawyer Profile
Hope Eastman
Bethesda, MD Lawyer with 54 years of experience
Business and Employment
Harvard Law School
Hope is Co-Chair of the firm’s Employment Law practice. For more than 30 years she has represented a variety of businesses, trade associations, and non-profit organizations in all areas of employment law, including age, gender, race, and disability discrimination; sexual and other harassment; wage and hour matters; and non- competition disputes.
Hope thoroughly familiarizes herself with her clients’ businesses, their goals and needs, and then works with them to craft solutions to meet those needs. She works with companies to develop regulatory-sensitive employment policies for recruitment, selection, promotion, discipline, and termination of employees, and evaluates and advises clients with regard to...
Claimed Lawyer Profile
Mark Rothman
Bethesda, MD Attorney with 55 years of experience
Business and Tax
Syracuse University, New York University School of Law and Syracuse University College of Law
Mark Rothman is a founding member of the firm and currently serving as senior counsel to the Corporate, Estate Planning, Tax and Estate & Trust Administration practice groups. He practices primarily tax and business law and estate planning, and represents large real estate holding companies and large retail operating companies. He has extensive experience structuring proposed business ventures, such as limited liability companies, limited liability partnerships and Subchapter-S corporations, and also represents clients in conjunction with the sale and acquisition of a business. In addition to his business-related practice, Mark handles sophisticated and complex estate and succession planning matters, particularly...
Claimed Lawyer Profile
Daniel Hodin
Bethesda, MD Lawyer with 44 years of experience
Business and Real Estate
Georgetown University Law Center and Tulane University School of Law
For more than 30 years Dan Hodin has advised businesses and individuals in commercial and residential real estate and loan transactions, including acquiring, financing, developing, owning, leasing, managing and selling real estate. Co-chair of the firm’s Real Estate practice, he has represented local, national and international real estate developers, builders, owners, and office and retail tenants in conjunction with prominent real estate projects including hotels, office buildings, condominiums, apartment complexes and shopping centers located throughout the United States.
Dan knows that responsiveness and organization in the fast-paced world of real estate are key to keeping clients satisfied. He instills confidence in...
Arnold Sherman
Bethesda, MD Attorney with 39 years of experience
Business, Real Estate and Tax
New York University School of Law and Northwestern University School of Law
As a member of the firm’s Tax, Retirement Plans, Employee Benefits, Estate Planning, Estate & Trust Administration, and Corporate practice groups, Arnold Sherman focuses his practice on the areas of tax and business planning, and estate planning and probate administration matters. He has extensive experience in negotiating, structuring and documenting business contracts, tax-deferred exchanges and wealth preservation structures.
Arnie’s knowledge and familiarity with how businesses work make him especially adept at understanding and responding to the needs of his business clients. He is diligent in keeping himself apprised of current tax laws and continually works to provide his clients with the...
Claimed Lawyer Profile
Charles Rick Claxton
Bethesda, MD Lawyer
Appeals
Boston University School of Law
Rick Claxton, a member of the firm’s Litigation, Appellate and ADR practice groups, has over 30 years of courtroom experience representing clients ranging from individuals to Fortune 50 corporations. A veteran of dozens of jury and bench trials, Rick focuses his practice on complex business cases, such as corporate and partnership disputes, construction litigation, business torts, and employment litigation. However, Rick has always maintained a diverse practice, including cases ranging from copyright and trademark litigation to representation of individuals with major personal injury claims.
In addition to his trial work, Rick has substantial appellate court experience, having briefed and argued cases...
Claimed Lawyer Profile
Patricia Weaver
Bethesda, MD Lawyer with 30 years of experience
Appeals, Arbitration & Mediation and Business
University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law
Trish Weaver is Chair of the Appellate Practice group and a member of the Litigation, Alternative Dispute Resolution and Corporate practices. Over the past 20 years, she has handled numerous appeals, authored briefs and argued before the Maryland Court of Appeals, the Maryland Court of Special Appeals and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. She is admitted to, and awaits the chance to argue before, the U.S. Supreme Court. Prior to joining Paley Rothman, Trish clerked for the Honorable Howard S. Chasanow on the Maryland Court of Appeals.
Trish enjoys building ongoing relationships with her clients as their...
Claimed Lawyer Profile
Jessica Summers
Bethesda, MD Lawyer
Business and Employment
American University Washington College of Law
Jessica Summers is an Associate in the firm’s Employee Benefits, Employment Law, Retirement Plans, Litigation and Government Relations practice groups. Jessica works with companies and organizations on a wide range of matters, including establishing and implementing effective employment policies, drafting employment agreements, maintaining employee benefit plans, addressing corporate planning issues and monitoring and advising clients on legislative and regulatory developments of import to them.
As an all-purpose business attorney with experience across several practice areas, Jessica has a comprehensive understanding of the legal and business needs of her clients and uses a common sense approach to finding solutions. In looking out...
Claimed Lawyer Profile
Ryan Scott Spiegel
Bethesda, MD Lawyer with 20 years of experience
Business
Stanford Law School
Ryan Spiegel chairs the firm’s Government Contracts practice and is a member of its Litigation, Corporate, and Science & Technology practice groups. His work spans a wide range of industries, includes general business and risk management counseling, and is characterized by outstanding client service, effective case strategy, and creative legal arguments. While he can be a tenacious litigator when necessary and maintains an excellent grasp of procedure, Ryan strives to understand his clients’ interests and goals and seek the best solution for them. He believes that resolving problems and disputes is more important than arguing for its own sake.
In recent...
Claimed Lawyer Profile
Jeffrey Kolender
Bethesda, MD Lawyer with 40 years of experience
Tax
The George Washington University Law School and University of South Carolina School of Law
Jeffrey Kolender chairs the firm’s Estate Planning and Estate & Trust Administration practice groups. He concentrates primarily in those areas and also advises small businesses in tax business planning. Jeffrey recognizes that each client is different and enjoys the challenge of creating a plan that accomplishes the client’s unique goals. He advises clients about adequately providing for their family, including saving taxes, creating trusts for children, planning for disability, and the special planning issues involved in second marriages and same-sex marriages.
He understands that estate planning can be a complex and emotional process for clients. Jeffrey always takes the time to...
Claimed Lawyer Profile
Robert Shulman
Bethesda, MD Attorney with 44 years of experience
Arbitration & Mediation, Business and International
Tulane University School of Law
For 35 years, Robert has specialized in insurance recovery on behalf of policyholders. As Chair of the Insurance Recovery group and a member of the firm’s Litigation practice, Robert litigates complex disputes against insurance companies on behalf of corporations seeking coverage for all manner of claims involving every form of risk and exposure such as those arising out of products, securities, directors & officers, energy, automotive, financial institutions, medical devices and health, among others.
Robert has successfully argued precedent-setting appeals in the second, third, and fourth U.S. Courts of Appeals, as well as the California Court of Appeal, San Francisco...
Claimed Lawyer Profile
David Philip Shapiro
Bethesda, MD Attorney with 26 years of experience
Business and Employment
The Catholic University of America Columbus School of Law
David Shapiro is the Chair of Paley Rothman's Health Law practice group, and a member of the firm's Corporate, Science & Technology, Employment Law and Government Contracts practice groups. David has an extensive background representing business entities, healthcare providers, surgical centers, professional service vendors and entrepreneurs in a broad range of general business, commercial, regulatory and complex transactional matters, including early-stage business planning, business management and operations, equity and asset transfers, inter- and intra-business contract relationships, mergers and acquisitions and collaborative and adversarial business owner and proxy dispute resolutions.
David’s business practice focuses on full life-cycle representation for emerging and established...
Claimed Lawyer Profile
Roy Niedermayer
Bethesda, MD Lawyer with 52 years of experience
Appeals, Arbitration & Mediation and Bankruptcy
Harvard Law School
Roy Niedermayer is a member of the firm’s Litigation, Appellate Practice and Government Contracts practice areas. He excels in risk management - he identifies and assesses risk in each of his cases and then discusses alternative strategies in light of probabilities of outcomes to determine what the best cost-benefit course of action is. He may create decision tree analyses, determining what factors affect risk, how to reduce risk, and assigns probability of success. When first meeting with a client, Roy finds out what the client is hoping to achieve and what their goals are - in doing this he understands...